What is a rectifier, what does it do?

What is a Rectifier?
Rectifiers are devices that convert alternating current (AC) to direct current (DC) using one or more diodes. For this reason, they are also called rectifiers. They are widely used in energy backup systems, power supplies and various electronic devices.

Diodes, the basic component of rectifiers, allow electric current to pass in only one direction. In these circuit elements with semiconductor structure, current is passed when positive voltage is applied to the anode end. When voltage is applied in the opposite direction, current flow is prevented.

Difference Between AC and DC Current
Alternating Current (AC): It is a type of current that changes direction with time and has a sinusoidal waveform. The waveform oscillates in positive and negative directions.

Direct Current (DC): It is a constant directional current type. Oscillations occur only in the positive region and do not change direction.

Working Principle of the Rectifier
When alternating current is applied to the diode:

In the positive half-wave, the diode conducts and allows current to pass.

In the negative half-wave, the diode ceases to conduct and blocks the current.

In this way, AC current is converted into direct current by passing only its positive components.

Rectification Methods
Half Wave Rectifier

It is made with a single diode.

Only the positive half of the waveform is transmitted.

Full Wave Rectifier

It is made with two or more diodes.

Both positive and negative halves of the waveform are converted to DC current.

It provides a smoother and more stable DC output.